Grade: 9 Subject: ELA Unit: Literature Analysis Lesson: 4 of 6 SAT: Craft+Structure ACT: Reading

Text Analysis

Learn

This lesson focuses on text analysis techniques for examining literary works in depth. You will learn systematic approaches to analyzing prose, poetry, and drama.

Key Concepts

  • Structural analysis of different genres
  • Analyzing narrative perspective and voice
  • Examining author's craft and style choices
  • Identifying patterns and their significance

Examples

Study these examples of text analysis in action.

Example 1: Analyzing Narrative Structure

Examine how a short story's structure contributes to its meaning...

Example 2: Voice and Perspective Analysis

Analyze how point of view shapes reader understanding...

✏️ Practice

Test your understanding with these practice questions.

Practice Questions

0/3 correct
Question 1

What is the main idea of a passage?

A A small detail
B The central message or point
C The first sentence
D The author's name
Explanation: The main idea is the central message or most important point the author wants to convey.
Question 2

An inference is:

A Something stated directly
B A guess with no support
C A conclusion based on evidence
D The author's opinion
Explanation: An inference is a conclusion you draw based on evidence and reasoning, not stated directly.
Question 3

Context clues help you:

A Find the page number
B Understand unfamiliar words
C Count sentences
D Choose books
Explanation: Context clues are hints in the surrounding text that help you figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Check Your Understanding

Test yourself with these 10 questions.

1. What are the three main narrative points of view?

Show Answer

First person (narrator is a character using "I"), second person (narrator addresses "you"), and third person (narrator uses "he/she/they" - either limited or omniscient).

2. How does structure in a literary text contribute to meaning?

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Structure creates pacing, emphasizes certain moments, establishes patterns that create expectations or surprises, and organizes information to guide reader interpretation.

3. What is the difference between voice and tone?

Show Answer

Voice is the author's or narrator's distinctive style and personality in writing, while tone is the attitude toward the subject matter or audience, which can shift throughout a text.

4. What elements should you analyze when examining an author's style?

Show Answer

Sentence structure and length, word choice (diction), use of figurative language, rhythm and sound devices, paragraph organization, and dialogue patterns.

5. Why are patterns important in literary analysis?

Show Answer

Patterns (repeated images, words, structures, or situations) signal intentional meaning, develop motifs and themes, create unity in the text, and guide reader interpretation.

6. How does limited third-person narration affect reader experience?

Show Answer

It restricts information to one character's perspective, creating suspense through limited knowledge, allowing for dramatic irony, and encouraging reader identification with that character.

7. What is the effect of non-chronological structure in a narrative?

Show Answer

It can create suspense, emphasize thematic connections over temporal ones, reveal character psychology, highlight cause-and-effect relationships, or mirror memory and consciousness.

8. How do you analyze the opening of a literary text?

Show Answer

Examine what information is provided or withheld, how setting and character are established, what tone is set, what expectations are created, and how the reader is positioned.

9. What is the significance of an unreliable narrator?

Show Answer

An unreliable narrator requires readers to read critically, creates tension between what's told and what's true, reveals character psychology, and often explores themes of perception and truth.

10. How does dialogue function in literary analysis?

Show Answer

Dialogue reveals character through speech patterns and word choice, advances plot, creates conflict, provides exposition, establishes relationships, and can contrast with narrative description.

Next Steps

  • Practice identifying narrative techniques in your current reading
  • Compare how different authors use structure
  • Move on to Lesson 5: Writing Application