Grade: 8 Subject: ELA Unit: Complex Texts Lesson: 4 of 6 SAT: Craft+Structure ACT: Reading

Text Analysis Strategies

Learn

This lesson focuses on advanced text analysis strategies for breaking down and understanding complex passages across different genres and disciplines.

Text Structure Analysis

  • Chronological: Events presented in time order
  • Compare/Contrast: Examining similarities and differences
  • Cause/Effect: Exploring reasons and results
  • Problem/Solution: Identifying issues and proposed answers
  • Description: Detailed explanation of a topic or concept

Author's Craft Elements

  • Word choice and tone
  • Figurative language and imagery
  • Point of view and perspective
  • Use of evidence and reasoning

Examples

Examine how different text structures appear in real passages.

Example: Identifying Cause and Effect

Signal words to look for: because, therefore, as a result, consequently, since, due to

Example: Compare and Contrast Structure

Signal words: however, similarly, on the other hand, likewise, in contrast, both

✏️ Practice

Test your understanding with these practice questions.

Practice Questions

0/3 correct
Question 1

What is the main idea of a passage?

A A small detail
B The central message or point
C The first sentence
D The author's name
Explanation: The main idea is the central message or most important point the author wants to convey.
Question 2

An inference is:

A Something stated directly
B A guess with no support
C A conclusion based on evidence
D The author's opinion
Explanation: An inference is a conclusion you draw based on evidence and reasoning, not stated directly.
Question 3

Context clues help you:

A Find the page number
B Understand unfamiliar words
C Count sentences
D Choose books
Explanation: Context clues are hints in the surrounding text that help you figure out the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Check Your Understanding

Test yourself with these review questions.

1. What text structure organizes information by time sequence?

Show Answer

Chronological structure organizes events or information in the order they occurred.

2. Which signal words indicate a cause/effect structure?

Show Answer

Words like "because," "therefore," "as a result," "consequently," "since," and "due to" signal cause/effect relationships.

3. What is the purpose of analyzing an author's word choice?

Show Answer

Analyzing word choice reveals the author's tone, attitude, and intended effect on the reader.

4. How does a problem/solution text structure work?

Show Answer

It presents a problem or issue, then explains one or more proposed solutions or responses.

5. What words signal a compare/contrast structure?

Show Answer

"However," "similarly," "on the other hand," "likewise," "in contrast," and "both" signal comparisons.

6. Why is identifying text structure important for comprehension?

Show Answer

Understanding the structure helps you follow the author's logic, predict what comes next, and remember key information.

7. What does "author's craft" refer to?

Show Answer

Author's craft refers to the deliberate choices an author makes about language, structure, and technique to create meaning and effect.

8. How can you identify the point of view in a text?

Show Answer

Look at pronouns (I/we for first person, you for second, he/she/they for third) and whose thoughts and perspectives are shared.

9. What is the difference between tone and mood?

Show Answer

Tone is the author's attitude toward the subject; mood is the feeling the text creates in the reader.

10. Why might an author use figurative language in an informational text?

Show Answer

To make abstract concepts more concrete, engage readers emotionally, or make comparisons that clarify complex ideas.

Next Steps

  • Review any concepts that felt challenging
  • Move on to the next lesson when ready
  • Return to practice problems periodically for review