Grade: Grade 7 Subject: Science Unit: Genetics Lesson: 6 of 6 SAT: ProblemSolving+DataAnalysis ACT: Science

Unit Checkpoint

Demonstrate mastery of genetics concepts.

Checkpoint Questions

Question 1: What molecule carries genetic information?

Answer

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries genetic information.

Question 2: What are the four bases in DNA?

Answer

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

Question 3: If a parent is Bb, what alleles can their gametes carry?

Answer

Gametes can carry either B or b (one allele per gamete).

Question 4: Cross Bb x Bb. What fraction of offspring will be homozygous?

Answer

1/4 BB + 1/4 bb = 1/2 or 50% homozygous.

Question 5: What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup (alleles); phenotype is the physical trait expressed.

Question 6: What type of mutation shifts the reading frame?

Answer

Insertion or deletion mutations cause frameshift.

Question 7: A trait is recessive. What genotype must an organism have to show it?

Answer

Homozygous recessive (two copies of recessive allele, e.g., bb).

Question 8: What base pairs with Adenine in DNA?

Answer

Thymine (T) pairs with Adenine (A).

Question 9: Cross BB x Bb. What is the probability of Bb offspring?

Answer

50% or 1/2 will be Bb.

Question 10: Why can mutations in DNA affect protein function?

Answer

DNA codes for proteins. Changes in DNA can change amino acid sequences, altering protein structure and function.