Grade: Grade 7 Subject: English Language Arts Unit: Research Skills Lesson: 5 of 6 SAT: Information+Ideas ACT: English

Research Paper Organization

Learn to structure your research paper effectively.

Learn

A well-organized research paper guides readers through your ideas logically. Clear structure helps readers understand your argument and find information easily.

Standard Research Paper Structure

  1. Introduction: Hook, background, thesis statement
  2. Body Paragraphs: Each paragraph covers one main point with evidence
  3. Conclusion: Restate thesis, summarize points, final thoughts
  4. Works Cited: List of all sources used

Introduction Elements

  • Hook: Interesting opening to grab attention
  • Background: Context readers need to understand your topic
  • Thesis: Your main argument or claim (usually the last sentence)

Body Paragraph Structure (PEEL)

  • Point: Topic sentence stating main idea
  • Evidence: Facts, quotes, or data from sources
  • Explanation: Analysis of how evidence supports your point
  • Link: Transition to next paragraph or back to thesis

Examples

Example: Introduction Paragraph

Every year, millions of tons of plastic end up in our oceans, harming marine life and ecosystems. The problem has grown so severe that scientists predict there could be more plastic than fish in the ocean by 2050. While recycling helps, it alone cannot solve this crisis. To effectively address ocean plastic pollution, governments must ban single-use plastics, invest in cleanup technology, and educate the public about sustainable alternatives.

Analysis
  • Hook: "Every year, millions of tons..."
  • Background: The prediction about plastic vs. fish
  • Thesis: The last sentence states the three main arguments the paper will cover

Practice

Question 1: What are the four main sections of a research paper?

Answer

Introduction, Body Paragraphs, Conclusion, and Works Cited.

Question 2: Where in the introduction should the thesis statement appear?

Answer

The thesis statement typically appears at the end of the introduction, usually as the last sentence. It sets up what the rest of the paper will discuss.

Question 3: What does PEEL stand for in body paragraph structure?

Answer

Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link.

Question 4: Why is a hook important in the introduction?

Answer

A hook captures the reader's attention and makes them want to continue reading. Without an engaging opening, readers may lose interest before reaching your main argument.

Question 5: What should each body paragraph focus on?

Answer

Each body paragraph should focus on one main point that supports the thesis. Trying to cover multiple points in one paragraph confuses readers and weakens the argument.

Question 6: What is the purpose of the "Explanation" part of a body paragraph?

Answer

The Explanation analyzes the evidence and shows how it supports your point. Evidence alone does not speak for itself - you must explain its significance and connection to your argument.

Question 7: What should the conclusion do? (List three things)

Answer

The conclusion should: (1) Restate the thesis in new words, (2) Summarize the main points from body paragraphs, (3) End with final thoughts, implications, or a call to action.

Question 8: Why are transitions important between paragraphs?

Answer

Transitions help readers follow your logic and see how ideas connect. They create smooth flow between paragraphs and prevent the paper from feeling choppy or disconnected.

Question 9: True or False: The introduction should include all your evidence.

Answer

False. The introduction provides background and states your thesis. Evidence belongs in the body paragraphs where you develop and support your argument.

Question 10: How does outlining help you organize a research paper?

Answer

Outlining helps you: plan the logical order of your points, ensure each paragraph supports the thesis, identify gaps in research before writing, and create smooth transitions between sections.

Check Your Understanding

  1. What three elements should your introduction include?
  2. How do you decide the order of your body paragraphs?
  3. What should you avoid doing in the conclusion?

Next Steps

  • Create an outline before writing your next research paper
  • Practice writing strong topic sentences for body paragraphs
  • Continue to Lesson 6: Unit Checkpoint