Grade: Grade 3 Subject: SAT/ACT Skills Unit: Roots & Prefixes SAT: Craft+Structure ACT: Reading

Word Roots

Did you know that many English words are like puzzles? They have parts that come from ancient Greek and Latin languages. Learning these word parts, called roots, is like getting a secret code to unlock the meaning of thousands of words!

What Are Word Roots?

A Root is the Main Part of a Word!

Just like a tree has roots that give it life, words have roots that give them meaning. The root is the core part of a word that carries its main idea.

🌳 Think of It Like a Tree

A tree root is underground and helps the tree grow. A word root is hidden inside a word and helps you understand what the word means!

photograph

photo (light) + graph (write/draw)

= "writing with light" = a picture!

Why Learn Roots? When you know word roots, you can figure out the meaning of new words you've never seen before. This is super helpful on tests like the SAT and ACT!

🔍 Where Do Roots Come From?

Most English word roots come from two ancient languages:

  • Greek - spoken in ancient Greece thousands of years ago
  • Latin - spoken by ancient Romans

Learning these roots is like learning a secret language that helps you understand English better!

Common Greek and Latin Roots

Here are some of the most useful roots to know. Learn these, and you'll be able to figure out many new words!

Root Meaning Origin Example Words
graph write, draw Greek photograph, autograph, paragraph
phone sound, voice Greek telephone, microphone, phonics
bio life Greek biology, biography, biome
geo earth Greek geography, geology, geometry
port carry Latin transport, portable, import
vis/vid see Latin vision, video, invisible
aud hear Latin audio, audience, auditorium
scrib/script write Latin scribble, script, describe
Greek Root
graph
= write, draw
autograph, paragraph
Greek Root
phone
= sound, voice
telephone, headphones
Greek Root
bio
= life
biology, biography
Greek Root
geo
= earth
geography, geology
Latin Root
port
= carry
transport, export
Latin Root
vis
= see
vision, visible

Using Roots to Figure Out Word Meanings

Let's practice being word detectives! When you see a new word, look for roots you know.

🔬 Example 1: Biology

biology

bio (life) + logy (study of)

= the study of life / living things!

📞 Example 2: Telephone

telephone

tele (far away) + phone (sound)

= sound from far away = a phone!

✍️ Example 3: Autograph

autograph

auto (self) + graph (write)

= self-writing = your own signature!

🚚 Example 4: Transport

transport

trans (across) + port (carry)

= carry across = move from place to place!

Detective Tip: When you see a new word, ask yourself: "Do I see any roots I know?" Even if you only recognize part of the word, it can help you guess the meaning!

Root Matching Game

Click a root, then click its meaning to make a match!

Match the Root to Its Meaning

Roots
graph
phone
bio
geo
port
vis
Meanings
life
write
see
carry
earth
sound
Matches: 0 / 6

Word Builder Challenge

Build real words by clicking the word parts in the right order!

Build the Word: telephone

Hint: sound from far away

graph
tele
phone
bio
Click parts to build the word!

Word Detective Challenge

Use your root knowledge to figure out what these mystery words mean!

Be a Word Detective!

Follow these steps:

  1. Look at the mystery word
  2. Find the root(s) you recognize
  3. Think about what those roots mean
  4. Put it together to guess the meaning!

Mystery Word 1

geography

Hint: geo = earth, graph = write/draw

Mystery Word 2

portable

Hint: port = carry

Mystery Word 3

microphone

Hint: micro = small, phone = sound

Practice Problems

Test your root knowledge! Choose the best answer.

Question 1

What does the root "bio" mean?

Question 2

Which word contains a root meaning "see"?

Question 3

What does "port" mean in the word "export"?

Question 4

The word "photograph" combines "photo" (light) and "graph" (write). What does it mean?

Question 5

If "aud" means "hear," what would an "audience" be?

Check Your Understanding

What is a word root?

Where do most English word roots come from?

Why is learning word roots helpful?

What We Learned

🌳

Word Roots

The main part of a word that carries its core meaning.

🏛️

Greek & Latin

Ancient languages that gave us most English word roots.

🔍

Detective Skills

Use roots to figure out what new words mean.

📚

Build Vocabulary

Knowing roots helps you learn more words faster!

Keep Learning! The more roots you learn, the easier it becomes to understand new words. Try to notice word roots in the books you read and the words you hear!

Roots to Remember

  • graph = write, draw
  • phone = sound, voice
  • bio = life
  • geo = earth
  • port = carry
  • vis/vid = see
  • aud = hear
  • scrib/script = write

Next Steps

  • Practice recognizing roots in words you read every day
  • Keep a "root journal" where you write new roots and words
  • Try the matching game and word builder again to improve your score
  • Learn more roots and prefixes in the next lessons!